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Teaching instrument is the basic material condition of running a school. In the subject of experiment, the teaching instrument can reproduce the natural phenomenon, so that students ' knowledge of the natural law from perceptual knowledge to rational cognition is the necessary way to learn. The teaching instrument plays an important role in developing students ' intelligence, cultivating their original spirit, establishing scientific thinking methods, improving their cognitive ability and cultivating their ability of practice.
I. What is teaching instrument
In the education industry standard "teaching instrument product general quality requirement", the teaching instrument is expressed as: "has the teaching characteristic, manifests the teaching thought, mainly uses in the teaching the object and the mold image visual teaching apparatus
1. Teaching as the reference point is the essential characteristic of teaching instruments. As a kind of knowledge carrier, teaching instrument is a special teaching material, which has the information or function that students learn, which exerts a subtle effect on the students in the process of use, which aims at inspiring students ' thinking, imparting knowledge and cultivating ability. The teaching instrument often displays the basic principle or the science law itself, therefore, has retained many historical classical experimental methods and the installment. For example: Inertia demonstrator, right-hand rule demonstrator, transformer principle, and so on.
2. Teaching instruments are fundamentally different from general instruments. General instruments are used in scientific research and production practice, to measure the calculation, focusing on accuracy, convenience, miniaturization, comprehensiveness, automation and intelligence. To the teaching instrument, the direct object is the student, therefore, the teaching instrument image is intuitive, simple and clear, pays attention to the experiment original method and each part between the causal relations, retains the quite partial manual operation, enables the student to obtain the basic skill the training.
3. The teaching instrument includes two kinds of teaching instruments, visual and visual. As far as the scope of instrument is concerned, the connotation of teaching instrument is much wider than that of general instrument. In addition to simple instruments, teaching instruments include a large number of models, specimens, slices, chemicals, glassware and so on. such as teaching models, biological slices, animal and plant anatomy and immersion specimens, wall charts and so on, which is one of the salient features of teaching instruments.
II. Purchase and inspection of teaching instruments
Our country is a developing country, the economy is underdeveloped, the state invests in education is limited, the investment devoted to teaching instrument is less. How to make the limited funds to play the greatest benefits, so that schools to buy qualified, applicable teaching equipment, it is particularly important.
1. The purchase of teaching equipment.
Schools in the purchase of teaching equipment, should pay attention to the following points: (1) should choose the official supply catalog of products. From 1991 onwards, combined with the annual fair, the Chinese Teaching Instrument Industry Association produced the "Teaching Instruments and Equipment Fair exhibition catalogue", the list of products are listed through the relevant departments of the rigorous review, its quality is guaranteed. Even if the product has quality problems, can also find the manufacturer for repair or replacement, (2) selected to obtain the National Industrial Product production license products. Since 1988, the Education Commission has been commissioned by the state to carry out the examination and distribution of the production license of the teaching instrument products in a systematic and systematic manner. Where the production license of products, in the production equipment, personnel quality, plant management and product quality has been strictly reviewed, the quality is reliable. Where a production license is obtained, the boxes are stamped with "Xx-xxx" markings; (3) The quality supervision and inspection of qualified products. Through the Quality Supervision and inspection network, the education system has planned to carry out quality supervision and inspection on the teaching instruments, and the results are published in the Journal of Teaching instruments and experiments. These qualified products have been rigorous testing, the quality is stable, (4) The purchase of equipment should pay attention to the matching equipment. For example: Inclined car should be equipped with electromagnetic timing device, air cushion guide to match the gas source and timer. In the purchase of modular teaching aids, special attention should be paid to whether the accessories are complete, whether the pieces are compatible.
2. Testing of teaching instruments.
The school to buy a set of instruments to test whether qualified, inspection from the following aspects: first of all to read the product specification, to understand the working principle of the instrument, use and use of attention, such as the use of voltage, the function of the knob. Second, pay attention to the main specifications of the product performance and technical indicators, and in accordance with the technical specifications of the product technical standards to test the instrument. If there is no technical standard of the product, it can be measured according to the main index of the product specification. Third, in the measurement, to choose the available, qualified measuring tools, instruments and the correct measurement methods, there are standards in accordance with the standard test methods to measure. When the measurement result is abnormal, the measured instrument should be replaced or the test instrument should be measured again, and the test method should be considered correctly to ensure the correctness of the measurement result.
